HYBRID VEHICLES ARE NOT AS ECO-FRIENDLY AS CLAIMED, WARN ENVIRONMENTALISTS

Hybrid cars are increasingly popular in the European Union as eco-conscious drivers turn away from their more polluting petrol and diesel counterparts. Still, environmentalists warn they’re not as green as they seem. Sales of the cars, which use both a conventional combustion engine and a small electric motor, allowing owners to drive a few kilometres without emitting CO2, could soon overtake those of petrol vehicles in the EU.

In the third quarter of this year, 20.7 per cent of cars sold in the bloc were new hybrid versions whose batteries are recharged by collecting wasted energy from elsewhere, like braking, and 9.1 per cent were plug-in hybrids that can be charged from an electric outlet.

Close to 40 per cent were petrol-powered, 17.6 per cent diesel, and just 9.8 per cent were fully electric.

Cheaper than fully electric cars, they also provide some reassurance for those worried about their battery running out of power at a time when charging stations are still not widespread.

Auto giants such as Toyota, Stellantis, Renault and Hyundai-Kia are banking on hybrids, not least because they allow them to comply with EU norms on CO2 emissions at a lesser cost than fully electric cars.

‘Barely cleaner’

But are they truly less polluting or more of a transition solution as the world edges towards ditching petrol and diesel altogether?

Greenpeace and the pressure group Transport & Environment believe that hybrids slow down this transition.

They want to accelerate the shift to fully electric and other forms of transport, pointing out that hybrids aren’t that green.

“Conventional ‘full’ hybrids in particular, which run for the majority of the time on fossil fuel energy, are barely any cleaner than traditional petrol and diesel engines,” Greenpeace said last year.

Marie Cheron of France’s Nicolas Hulot Foundation, an environmental group, concurred.

“For example, some hybrids have been bought for fleets (of cars), they do not have a system that allows them to recharge, people don’t charge them, and so they don’t drive electric.”

But Philippe Degeilh, an engineer at IFP Energies Nouvelles (Ifpen), an energy, transport and environment research group, said people need to be educated on using hybrids correctly.

According to an Ifpen study published at the end of 2020, hybrids emit an average of 12 per cent less CO2 than a similar petrol-powered car.

That rises to 33 per cent in town, while it drops to almost zero on highways.

Plug-ins that are driven smoothly – draining batteries less – and often recharged are “capable of nearing zero emissions,” according to Open.

“A household that has just one car can have a better environmental record with a hybrid rather than with an electric car equipped with a large battery. It’s designed to do 50 kilometres a day and sometimes to go on holiday,” said Degeilh.

To stay or not?

Meanwhile, fully electric cars aren’t necessarily all that green either.

Their batteries, which are getting bigger and bigger, require a lot of energy in their production.

Where the electricity comes from is also essential to determine their environmental credentials.

The debate around hybrids is also a political one.

As the EU plans to ban the sale of petrol and diesel engines from 2035, some auto industry wants to ensure a role for hybrids.

“We think the hybrid is here to stay,” Jim Crosbie, head of Toyota Motor Manufacturing France, told AFP.

Hybrids – excluding plug-ins – represent 70 per cent of the Japanese group’s sales in Western Europe.

“If we’re talking about a model life cycle of seven to nine years, it will remain an important asset for us in the years to come,” he said.