Hackers in China used fake Facebook accounts and impostor websites to break into Uyghur Muslims’ computers and smartphones, the social network said Wednesday. The company said the sophisticated, covert operation targeted Uyghur activists, journalists, and dissidents from China’s Xinjiang region and individuals living in Turkey, Kazakhstan, the US, Syria, Australia, Canada, and other nations.
The hackers attempted to gain access to the computers and phones by creating fake Facebook accounts for supposed journalists and activists and fake websites and apps intended to appeal to an Uyghur audience. In some cases, the hackers created lookalike websites almost identical to legitimate news sites popular with Uyghurs.
The accounts and sites contained malicious links. If the target clicked on one, their computer or smartphone would be infected with software allowing the network to spy on the target’s device.
In all, fewer than 500 people were targeted by the hackers in 2019 and 2020, Facebook said. The company said it uncovered the network during its routine security work and has deactivated the fictitious accounts and notified individuals whose devices may have been compromised. Most of the hackers’ activities took place on non-Facebook sites and platforms. According to FireEye, the software could obtain information including the victim’s location, keystrokes, and contacts, a cybersecurity firm that worked on the investigation.
“They tried to create these personas, build trust in the community, and use that as a way to trick people into clicking on these links to expose their devices,” said Nathaniel Gleicher, Facebook’s head of security policy.
Facebook’s investigation found links between the hackers and two technology firms based in China but no direct links to the Chinese government, which has been criticized for its harsh treatment of Uyghurs in Xinjiang. FireEye, however, said in a statement that “we believe this operation was conducted in support” of the Chinese government.
According to US officials and human rights groups, China has imprisoned more than 1 million people, including Uyghurs and other mostly Muslim ethnic groups, in a vast network of concentration camps. People have been subjected to torture, sterilization, and political indoctrination, in addition to forced labor, as part of an assimilation campaign in a region whose inhabitants are ethnically and culturally distinct from the Han Chinese majority.
